In Brief
- Stake suffered a $41M loss due to a private key compromise.
- Zunami was exploited due to price manipulation.
- EarningFarm lost $530K due to reentrancy vulnerability.
- Steadefi’s protocol deployer wallet was compromised.
Hacks
Hacks Analysis
Stake | Amount Lost: $41M
On September 6, the Stake exploit on multiple chains resulted in a $41M loss. The root cause was the compromise of private keys. The attackers were able to gain access to Stake’s hot wallets. The attackers then called the transfer() function to drain 9,620 ETH on the Ethereum Mainnet, 14.24 million MATIC on the Polygon Network, and 82,650 BNB on the BNB Chain. The FBI identified North Korea’s Lazarus Group as the hacker behind this exploit.
Exploit Contract:
0x974caa59e49682cda0ad2bbe82983419a2ecc400Transaction Hash: 0xf8164a54d943386839d7ff6c85e282da4409dda69702899204b9c25e028f7e18
Zunami | Amount Lost: $2.2M
On August 1st, the Zunami Protocol exploit on the Ethereum Mainnet resulted in a $2.2 million loss due to a price manipulation vulnerability. Zunami Protocol’s contract determines account balances by multiplying the current balance with the assetPriceCached() value and this value is directly proportional to the totalHoldings amount. The attacker was able to increase the total holdings by flash loaning 7M USDT from UniSwapV3, 7M USDC, and 10,011 WETH from Balancer and swapping these funds for 4.8M UZD tokens on Curve.
Exploit Contract:
0xb40b6608b2743e691c9b54ddbdee7bf03cd79f1cTransaction Hash:
0x0788ba222970c7c68a738b0e08fb197e669e61f9b226ceec4cab9b85abe8cceb
EarningFarm | Amount Lost: $530K
On August 9, the EarningFarm exploit on the Ethereum Mainnet resulted in a $530K loss due to a reentrancy attack. The attacker initially borrowed 80,000 ETH using flash loans and deposited it into the ENF_ETHLEV contract. The attacker then exploited the vulnerable withdraw() function, which allowed them to transfer ENF_ETHLEV tokens to themselves in the fallback function before the withdrawal was executed. This allowed the attacker to redeem 320 ETH and make a profit of 292 ETH.
Exploit Contract:
0x863e572b215fd67c855d973f870266cf827aea5eTransaction Hash: 0x6e6e556a5685980317cb2afdb628ed4a845b3cbd1c98bdaffd0561cb2c4790fa
Steadefi | Amount Lost: $1.1M
On August 7, the Steadefi exploit on Arbitrum resulted in a $1.1 loss. The Steadefi team has confirmed that their protocol deployer wallet was compromised. The attacker first transferred ownership of the Arbitrum and Avalanche vaults and approved themselves as a borrower. The attacker then maximized the lending capacity on the Arbitrum and Avalanche chains and drained the assets. Following the exploit, Steadefi’s total value locked (TVL) dropped by 66% to $669K.
Exploit Contract (on Arbitrum): 0x79B94854e50704f4A121D72bFE6Aaf41BB92F8c0
Transaction Hash: 0x64490459485bf290ef00b360d3ea943fc56bcb364852ac482b772829cf09cad9
